Emergency Protective Order California: What It Is, How It Works, and What to Do

A California emergency protective order (EPO) is a short-term protective order issued by law enforcement — not a court clerk — through a call to an on-call judge. It can be requested at the scene of a domestic violence incident at any hour, takes effect immediately, and lasts five to seven days (Family Code § 6250). An EPO is a bridge to the court system: it buys time to file for a temporary restraining order and, ultimately, a full domestic violence restraining order. The Restraining Order Law Firm represents both petitioners seeking protection and respondents defending against an order. Call (888) 808-2179 for a free, confidential consultation.

Emergency protective order California: quick facts

EPO at a glance

EPO and domestic violence in California: the numbers

Understanding the scale of the EPO system puts individual cases in context.

Domestic violence call volume. California law enforcement agencies receive approximately 160,000–180,000 domestic violence-related calls annually, according to California Department of Justice data. Los Angeles County alone accounts for roughly 60,000–70,000 DV-related law enforcement responses per year — the highest volume of any county in the state. Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties each contribute tens of thousands of additional calls annually.

DVRO petition volume. California courts receive approximately 60,000–80,000 DVRO petitions per year statewide. A meaningful percentage of these petitions are filed in the days following an EPO — the EPO creates the window that prompts the protected person to go to the courthouse. Without an EPO triggering awareness and urgency, many DVRO petitions that ultimately protect survivors would not be filed.

The critical risk window. Research on domestic violence intervention consistently identifies the period immediately following a DV incident — including the EPO window — as one of the highest-risk periods for re-assault and escalation. The five-to-seven-day EPO is not merely a legal bridge; it is a safety window during which decisions made by both parties — particularly whether to file for a TRO, and whether to comply with the order — materially affect outcomes.

Default DVRO orders. A significant percentage of DVRO hearings result in default orders because the respondent fails to appear. A respondent served with an EPO who waits passively through the EPO expiration and the TRO period without acting frequently ends up facing a default DVRO — maximum relief entered without any rebuttal.

Statistics derived from California DOJ Crime in California reports, California Judicial Council data, and peer-reviewed domestic violence research. Figures vary by year and county.

The EPO-to-DVRO timeline: how protection escalates

Most people involved in a domestic violence situation — whether seeking protection or named in an order — need to understand how the three-tier system unfolds. Here is the timeline from crisis to long-term order:

INCIDENT OCCURS:

EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE ORDER ──── Fam. Code §§ 6250–6256
Police officer calls on-call judge (any hour, any day)
Takes effect immediately at the scene
Duration: 5 business days OR 7 calendar days (whichever is shorter)

Protected party must file DV-100 DURING this window

TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER ──── Fam. Code §§ 240–246
Petitioner files DV-100 at courthouse during business hours
Judge reviews ex parte → TRO issued (Form DV-110)
Duration: Until hearing (~21 days; up to 25 for good cause)

Both parties prepare for hearing (DV-120 response due)

ORDER-AFTER-HEARING ──── Fam. Code § 6345
Both parties appear; evidence, testimony, cross-examination
Standard: preponderance of the evidence
Duration if granted: up to 5 years

RENEWAL ──── Ritchie v. Konrad standard
Standard: reasonable apprehension of future abuse
No new incidents required
Duration: additional 5 years, renewable indefinitely

Each stage requires more formal legal process and provides longer protection. The EPO window — five to seven days — is the most urgent. Missing the window to file a DV-100 means the protection lapses completely. For respondents, the EPO is the start of the clock on a proceeding that can produce a five-year order; acting within the EPO window is critical preparation time.

When law enforcement arrives at the scene of a domestic violence incident at 2 a.m., the court is closed. The criminal process may or may not move fast enough to protect someone in immediate danger. That gap is exactly what the emergency protective order exists to fill. In my practice, I see EPOs in nearly every urgent domestic violence situation — they are the front edge of the California protection system, and understanding how they work matters for everyone involved, whether you need the protection or you are the one the order is directed at.

What is an emergency protective order (EPO) in California?

An emergency protective order is a civil court order issued by an on-call judge at the telephonic request of a peace officer responding to a domestic violence incident. It takes effect immediately — within minutes of being issued — and imposes legally binding restrictions on the restrained person: stay-away distances, no-contact requirements, a requirement to leave the shared residence, and, in appropriate cases, temporary child custody terms and a firearms prohibition.

The EPO exists under California Family Code §§ 6250–6256. Its purpose is precisely to bridge the gap between a crisis situation and the court system. Courts operate on weekday business hours; domestic violence does not. The EPO allows a responding officer to put immediate, enforceable legal protection in place without requiring the protected person to travel to a courthouse, fill out forms, or wait for a judge’s business-hours review.

An EPO is separate from, and shorter than, either a temporary restraining order or a full domestic violence restraining order. Think of the three-tier system this way: the EPO is the emergency measure (hours to a few days), the TRO is the next layer (weeks), and the order after hearing is the long-term protection (up to five years). Each tier requires more formal process and provides longer-term protection. For a comparison of the full framework, see California restraining order law.

Who issues an EPO — and who can request one?

This is a critical distinction that many people misunderstand. Only a peace officer can request an EPO. The protected person cannot walk into a station and ask for one. A prosecutor cannot request one. A court clerk cannot issue one. The process is:

1. Law enforcement responds to a domestic violence call or situation.
2. The responding officer determines that there is reasonable grounds to believe that a person is in immediate danger of domestic violence, elder or dependent adult abuse, or child abuse.
3. The officer contacts an on-call superior court judge or commissioner — available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week under Family Code § 6252.
4. The judge reviews the officer’s account and, if the statutory grounds exist, verbally issues the EPO.
5. The officer serves the EPO on the restrained person at the scene (or as soon as practical) and provides a copy to the protected person.

The standard for issuing an EPO is that there are “reasonable grounds” to believe the person to be protected is in immediate and present danger — a lower bar than the preponderance standard that applies at a full DVRO hearing. This is intentional: the EPO system is designed for speed, not deliberation.

One important consequence of this structure: if you are in danger and law enforcement has not been called, an EPO is not directly available to you. Your options are to call 911 (which brings officers who can request an EPO) or to go directly to the courthouse during business hours and file a DV-100 petition for a temporary restraining order. Our emergency help 24/7 page covers both paths in detail.

How long does an EPO last?

Under Family Code § 6256, an EPO lasts the shorter of five business days or seven calendar days. In practice, this typically means five to seven days depending on when in the week it is issued — an EPO issued on a Thursday may last only through the following Wednesday if five business days expires first.

That window is deliberately short. The legislature designed the EPO as a temporary bridge — long enough for the protected person to get to the courthouse during business hours and file for a TRO. It is not a substitute for a full DVRO petition. When the EPO expires, so does every protection it provides — unless a TRO or other order is in place.

This timing creates urgency. If you are operating under an EPO and have not yet filed the DV-100 petition for a TRO, do not wait. The EPO clock starts running the moment it is issued. Contact our office or visit the courthouse self-help center as soon as the courthouse opens. In Los Angeles County and Orange County, the family law clerk’s office handles DVRO petitions. See how to get a DVRO for the step-by-step filing process.

What does an EPO cover?

An EPO can include any or all of the following protective terms, depending on what the issuing judge authorizes and what the responding officer requests:

Stay-away order. The restrained person must stay a specified distance — typically 100 yards — from the protected person, their home, their workplace, their school, and their vehicle.

No-contact order. No phone calls, texts, emails, social media contact, or contact through third parties. No contact means no contact, including messages that say “I just want to talk” or “I’m sorry.”

Residence exclusion (move-out order). Even if the restrained person owns or leases the home, the EPO can order them to leave immediately and not return while the order is in effect. The protected person has the right to remain in the shared residence.

Temporary child custody. An EPO can include temporary custody terms, placing children with the protected parent during the EPO period. This is particularly significant in situations where both parties share children and the restrained person might attempt to take the children.

Firearm restriction. Under Family Code § 6389, an EPO can require the restrained person to relinquish all firearms, ammunition, and magazines within 24 hours to law enforcement or a licensed dealer. A federal prohibition under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) may also apply. The compliance process has specific steps that must all be completed — not just physically surrendering the weapons:

EPO served containing firearms restriction

(within 24 hours of service — clock starts at service, not when you read it)

Surrender ALL firearms + ALL ammunition + ALL magazines

To: Law enforcement (sheriff station or police station)
OR: Licensed firearms dealer (FFL)

Obtain written proof of transfer / receipt

File proof of compliance with the court (required — possessing receipt is not enough)

Keep copy of all receipts for your records

Common errors that result in criminal charges:

• Surrendering to a family member (NOT valid relinquishment)
• Surrendering firearms but keeping ammunition or magazines
• Surrendering without filing proof with the court
• Believing a stored, unloaded firearm in a safe satisfies the requirement (it does not)

See restraining order and firearms for the full relinquishment guide.

What is the difference between an EPO, a TRO, and the DVRO after hearing?

Understanding the three tiers is essential for both petitioners and respondents. They serve different functions, involve different processes, and provide different durations of protection.

The practical path in most urgent cases is: EPO → TRO → Order After Hearing. The EPO buys time to file the DV-100. The TRO covers the 21-day period before the hearing. The order after hearing provides long-term protection. At each stage, the evidentiary standard and the procedural formality increase.

For the full comparison of California protective order types — including criminal protective orders issued in parallel criminal proceedings — see domestic violence restraining order California.

What should I do if I have an EPO against me?

Being the subject of an EPO is alarming, particularly if you believe the order was based on a distorted account or a misunderstanding. I understand that fear. Here is what you must do immediately.

Comply with every term — without exception. The EPO is a court order the moment it is issued. Every restriction in it is legally binding right now. If it says stay 100 yards away, you stay 100 yards away. If it says no contact, you have no contact. Violating any term of an EPO is a misdemeanor under Penal Code § 273.6 and can be elevated to a felony if you have a prior violation. A violation at this stage hands the petitioner exactly the evidence they need at the TRO and DVRO hearings.

Surrender your firearms within 24 hours. If the EPO includes a firearm restriction — and almost all of them do — you must surrender all firearms, ammunition, and magazines to law enforcement or a licensed firearms dealer within 24 hours of service and file written proof of compliance with the court. This is not optional and the deadline is firm.

Do not attempt to talk the other person out of it. Calling to “work things out” or asking friends to contact the protected person on your behalf is a violation of the no-contact order. It is also counterproductive: any attempt to contact the protected person during the EPO period will be used against you.

Contact an attorney immediately. The EPO will expire in five to seven days, but during that window the petitioner may be filing for a TRO and a full DVRO. The hearing on that DVRO — which can produce a five-year order with consequences for your home, your children, your firearms, and your record — is approximately 21 days away. That is not much time. Call (888) 808-2179 now. See fight a restraining order and false allegations defense for what the defense process looks like.

Served with an EPO today? The next 72 hours often determine the outcome of the DVRO case that follows. Do not contact the other party. Do not post on social media. Comply with every term — including firearms relinquishment within 24 hours. Then call (888) 808-2179 immediately. We handle EPO situations with same-day urgency throughout Southern California.

Common mistakes I see after an EPO is issued

In my practice handling EPO and DVRO cases throughout Southern California, certain patterns of error appear consistently in the hours and days after service. Each of the following mistakes damages the respondent’s position at the TRO and DVRO hearings that follow — sometimes irreparably.

Contacting the protected party to “explain” or “clear things up.” This is the single most damaging and most common mistake. A respondent served with an EPO believes the allegations are false or exaggerated and wants to correct the record immediately. Every communication attempted after service — call, text, voicemail, email, showing up at the residence — is a criminal TRO violation under Penal Code § 273.6. Worse, the petitioner presents those communications at the hearing as evidence that the respondent does not respect court orders and that their fear of future harm is reasonable. I have seen respondents turn a defensible case into an indefensible one with a single apologetic text sent in the hour after service.

Using third-party intermediaries as a workaround. A variant of the same error. “I didn’t contact her — I asked my brother to pass along a message” is still a no-contact violation under virtually every EPO’s terms. Courts read no-contact provisions broadly. Communication through a mutual friend, family member, or co-worker — even when framed as innocent or practical — can and does result in criminal charges. The only channel for any communication after service is through attorneys.

Social media posts about the situation. Respondents who vent on social media after being served — describing their version of events, characterizing the petitioner’s allegations, or seeking sympathy from their network — create discoverable evidence that can be used at the hearing. Posts that name the petitioner may independently violate no-contact terms. Screenshots of social media posts are among the most common exhibits in DVRO proceedings. Nothing posted online after service can be taken back.

Firearms compliance errors. The 24-hour deadline for firearm relinquishment under Family Code § 6389 runs from service — not from when the respondent reads the order, not from the next morning, not from business hours. The most common errors I see: surrendering firearms to a family member rather than law enforcement or a licensed dealer (not valid); surrendering the firearms but failing to file proof of compliance with the court; believing that removing ammunition from the firearms satisfies the relinquishment requirement (it does not — ammunition and magazines must also be surrendered). Each of these errors is a separate criminal exposure entirely independent of the DVRO proceeding.

Waiting to consult an attorney. The most expensive phone call is the one made two days before the TRO hearing — when the EPO was served ten days ago, no DV-120 has been filed, no evidence has been gathered, and no witnesses have been identified. The 21-day window between TRO and DVRO hearing is the entire preparation period for a proceeding that can produce a five-year order. That window begins running from service of the TRO, which often arrives before the EPO has expired. Time spent passively during the EPO period is preparation time lost.

Treating the EPO as the main event. The EPO lasts five to seven days. Respondents who focus on getting through those days without appreciating that a TRO is likely already in process — and that a DVRO hearing is approximately 21 days away — are fundamentally misreading the timeline. The EPO is not the proceeding. It is the alarm bell. The proceeding that matters is the DVRO hearing, and preparation for it starts now.

Can an EPO be challenged or quashed?

Technically, yes. As a court order, an EPO can be challenged by bringing an emergency motion before the court. Practically, it is very difficult to dissolve an EPO within its five-to-seven-day window for several reasons.

First, the EPO is short-lived by design — by the time a motion is scheduled and heard, the EPO may have already expired. Courts are generally unwilling to invest hearing time in dissolving an order that will lapse within days on its own.

Second, the legal standard for issuing an EPO is “reasonable grounds” — a low threshold. Showing that the standard was not met requires demonstrating that the officer had no reasonable basis for the request, which is a difficult evidentiary bar given the speed and circumstances of EPO issuance.

Third, and most importantly: even if the EPO is dissolved, the petitioner may have already filed a DV-100 and obtained a TRO — a separate order with a separate legal basis. Dissolving the EPO would not touch the TRO.

The more productive focus for a respondent — and what I advise my clients — is to use the EPO period to prepare a strong DV-120 response for the upcoming TRO hearing, gather evidence, and build the defense strategy for the full DVRO hearing, where the stakes are highest and where the legal standards give the respondent meaningful opportunity to contest the allegations.

Facing a DVRO hearing in 21 days? Even if the EPO expires, the order-after-hearing is the proceeding that determines a five-year outcome — including custody, firearms, housing, and your permanent record. Call (888) 808-2179 now to start building your defense while the EPO window is still open.

What happens after the EPO expires?

When the EPO expires, the protection it provided ends — completely. There is no grace period. If the petitioner has filed for a TRO and the court has issued one, the TRO takes over as the operative protective order. If the petitioner has not filed, and no TRO or other order is in place, the restrained person is legally free to have contact and return to the shared residence.

For petitioners: this creates a firm deadline. Do not assume the EPO renews or that the police will step in again automatically. File the DV-100 as soon as the courthouse opens after the EPO is issued. Request a TRO. Get a hearing date. The EPO is the first step — not the finish line.

For respondents: the expiration of an EPO without a subsequent TRO does not necessarily mean the petitioner has given up. They may still file for a DVRO. Any conduct during the EPO period — especially any violation — will be part of the record in any future proceeding.

If a TRO follows the EPO and is then followed by a full DVRO hearing, the protection can ultimately extend up to five years and be renewed. For what that long-term order looks like, see permanent restraining order.

Real-world EPO scenarios

The 3 a.m. call that changes everything. Police respond to a domestic disturbance. One party has visible injuries. The officer contacts the on-call judge and obtains an EPO on the spot. The restrained party is told to leave the residence immediately, surrenders firearms the next morning, and begins 72 hours of believing this will all blow over. It does not. Three days later, a TRO is served. Twenty-one days after that, there is a DVRO hearing that will determine custody of the children and a five-year order. The EPO was the starting gun.

The EPO after a first incident. A long-term partner who has never been violent becomes physically threatening during a confrontation. A neighbor calls police. The officer requests an EPO even though the protected person does not want to press charges — officers can and do request EPOs based on their own assessment of danger, regardless of the victim’s stated preference. The protected person now has five days to decide what to do. With our guidance, they file a DV-100 and obtain a TRO before the EPO expires.

The EPO the respondent says is completely false. A respondent is served with an EPO at the scene after their partner made statements to police that the respondent believes are fabricated or exaggerated. The respondent is furious and wants to immediately confront the issue. This is the most dangerous moment — the impulse to “clear things up” can result in a criminal violation before the ink is dry. The right move is to comply immediately, contact an attorney, and prepare a written response. The EPO will expire; the hearing is where the truth gets heard. See fighting a false DVRO.

The EPO in a custody dispute. During a contentious co-parenting conflict, one parent calls police and describes a threatening incident. The EPO that results includes a temporary custody provision. The other parent — who has never harmed the child — suddenly has no legal right to see their children until a court hearing. The custody terms in the EPO flow into the TRO and can affect the DVRO hearing. Acting fast — including consulting an attorney within 24 hours — is critical. See DVRO and child custody.

The EPO where firearms were the complication. A lawful gun owner is served with an EPO that includes a firearms restriction. They own three handguns and a rifle. They have 24 hours to surrender all of them. They are not sure how to do this properly, where to take them, or what paperwork to file. Getting this step wrong — including an incomplete transfer or a missed deadline — can result in a separate criminal charge on top of everything else. Our firm helps respondents navigate firearm relinquishment from the moment of service. See restraining order and firearms.

How EPOs work in Southern California — county-by-county guide

The EPO framework is governed by state statute (Family Code §§ 6250–6256), but the practical experience of obtaining an EPO or being served with one varies meaningfully by county — based on the law enforcement agencies involved, the follow-on courthouse where any DVRO petition will be filed, and the local procedural culture. Here is what you need to know for each Southern California county where our firm practices.

Los Angeles County

Los Angeles County has the highest domestic violence call volume in California and one of the most robust EPO response systems in the state. EPO requests in LA County are handled through the LAPD (for city incidents), the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department (for unincorporated areas and contract cities), and dozens of independent city police departments. All of them access the same on-call superior court judge network available 24/7 through the LA Superior Court system.

When a protected party in LA County is operating under an EPO and needs to file a DV-100, the correct courthouse depends on their geographic district: Stanley Mosk (Central/Downtown), Van Nuys Courthouse East (San Fernando Valley), Long Beach Courthouse (Harbor/South Bay), Pasadena Courthouse (San Gabriel Valley), or Torrance Courthouse (South Bay/South County). All of these family law divisions handle same-day or next-morning TRO review when the DV-100 is filed during the EPO window. Given the volume at LA County courthouses, a well-organized, specific petition — not a rushed, vague one — moves faster through review. For respondents served in LA County: the TRO and DVRO hearing pipeline runs through the same district courthouse, and an attorney with regular LA County family law experience brings a tangible advantage.

Orange County

Orange County EPO requests are processed through the Orange County Sheriff’s Department and city police agencies including Anaheim, Santa Ana, Irvine, Huntington Beach, and others. All route through the Orange County Superior Court on-call judge system. Follow-on DVRO petitions file at the Lamoreaux Justice Center (341 The City Drive South, Orange), where the Orange County family law division runs a dedicated domestic violence calendar.

A distinctive feature of Orange County’s family court structure: its centralized system makes it more likely that the DVRO petition and any concurrent dissolution or custody proceeding will be assigned to the same department. The judicial officer who reviews the TRO in the EPO window may be the same person who hears the order-after-hearing. This makes the quality of the DV-100 petition — including any DV-105 custody requests — particularly important from the first filing. For petitioners: file during the EPO window at Lamoreaux with a complete, specific declaration. For respondents: contact counsel experienced at Lamoreaux immediately, as the first court impression is often made at TRO review.

Riverside County

Riverside County EPO requests flow through the Riverside County Sheriff’s Department and city agencies including Riverside, Corona, Moreno Valley, Hemet, Murrieta, and Temecula. Follow-on DVRO petitions file at the Larson Justice Center (4100 Main St., Riverside) for central county incidents, or the Indio Courthouse (46-200 Oasis St., Indio) for Coachella Valley incidents.

A practical point critical for petitioners in Riverside County: filing the DV-100 at the wrong courthouse — Riverside instead of Indio, or vice versa — can cause a transfer that consumes days of the EPO window. Confirm the correct venue based on the petitioner’s residential address before filing. Riverside County’s family law docket has grown substantially with Inland Empire population growth, and same-day TRO review is available when the petition is filed in the morning at the correct courthouse. For respondents served in Riverside County: the 21-day hearing window begins from TRO service, and the EPO period is the most time-sensitive preparation window.

San Bernardino County

San Bernardino County covers the largest geographic area of any county in the continental United States. EPO requests are processed by the San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department and city agencies across the county’s distinct regions: the valley (Ontario, Fontana, San Bernardino, Rancho Cucamonga), the mountain communities (Big Bear, Lake Arrowhead), and the High Desert (Victorville, Apple Valley, Hesperia, Barstow).

The follow-on DVRO courthouse depends on where the protected person lives:

• San Bernardino Justice Center (351 N. Arrowhead Ave.) — central county
• Rancho Cucamonga Courthouse (8303 N. Haven Ave.) — western Inland Empire
• Victorville Courthouse (14455 Civic Dr.) — High Desert

Filing at the wrong courthouse in San Bernardino County is a common error that can delay TRO review past the EPO expiration. Confirm the correct venue before filing. For respondents: San Bernardino County’s three courthouse structure means the specific court where the DVRO proceeding is filed determines which judicial department handles the case — counsel with regular appearances at the specific venue brings procedural familiarity that matters.

San Diego County

San Diego County EPO requests are processed through the San Diego County Sheriff’s Department and city agencies including SDPD, Chula Vista, Escondido, El Cajon, Oceanside, and others. Follow-on DVRO petitions file at the Central Courthouse (1100 Union St., San Diego) for most San Diego County cases, or the Vista Courthouse (325 S. Melrose Dr.) for North County incidents.

San Diego’s family court system has invested significantly in domestic violence judicial training, and its bench is experienced with the full range of EPO situations — including those involving coercive control, digital surveillance, and cases with immigration considerations arising from the county’s proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border. One consideration specific to San Diego: respondents with immigration status concerns who are served with an EPO should consult an attorney experienced in both DVRO defense and immigration law before the TRO hearing — the DVRO’s immigration consequences can extend well beyond the civil order itself. For both petitioners and respondents in San Diego County: same-day consultation with an attorney experienced in San Diego family court is the right move.

Frequently asked questions

An EPO is the starting gun — not the finish line

An emergency protective order is not the resolution. It is the first step of a legal process that moves faster than most people expect. The EPO lasts five to seven days. During those days, the petitioner may already be filing the DV-100. Within 21 days of that filing, both sides are at a hearing that can produce a five-year order — one that governs where you live, whether you see your children, your right to own firearms, and your record.

For petitioners: You have a narrow window to convert the EPO into lasting court-ordered protection. File the DV-100 before the EPO expires. Request the TRO. Get a hearing date. Do not assume the EPO renews or that law enforcement will step in again. The protection you have right now expires in days — what comes next is up to you.

For respondents: Every day of the EPO period is preparation time for the DVRO hearing. Use it: contact an attorney, comply with every term, begin gathering your evidence, and understand the stakes before you walk into a hearing that may reshape your life. Do not contact the other party. Do not post on social media. Do not assume the EPO is the worst of it.

Why clients choose The Restraining Order Law Firm for EPO situations:

• We represent both petitioners who need protection and respondents defending against orders
• We handle EPO situations with same-day urgency — not next-week callbacks
• We appear in DVRO hearings every week throughout Southern California: Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura counties
• We handle the DVRO and the custody case together, from EPO through final order
• We are available 24/7 for emergencies — because EPOs are issued at 2 a.m.

Call (888) 808-2179 — available around the clock for emergencies. Schedule through our free consultation page or reach us directly at emergency help 24/7.

Matthew Barhoma, Esq. — California State Bar No. 319339. The Restraining Order Law Firm. EPO and DVRO representation throughout Southern California.